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All surface ships, as well as surfaced submarines, are in a positively buoyant condition, weighing less than the volume of water they would displace if fully submerged. To submerge hydrostatically, a ship must have negative buoyancy, either by increasing its own weight or decreasing its displacement of water. To control their weight, submarines have ballast […]
Submersion and trimming mechanism of Submarine Technology Read More »
A submarine is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater. It differs from a submersible, which has more limited underwater capability. The term most commonly refers to a large, crewed, autonomous vessel. It is also sometimes used historically or colloquially to refer to remotely operated vehicles and robots, as well as medium-sized or smaller vessels,
Introduction of Submarine and Usage of Submarine. Read More »
The primary advantage of a CSD is that it is able to dredge hard materials that most trailing suction hopper dredgers cannot handle. In addition, self-propelled CSDs are almost as flexible as a trailing suction hopper dredger, because they too can use their propulsion systems during mobilisation to a dredging site. This makes them cost-effective.
WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF A CSD? Read More »
When the material is loosened or pulverised, it is then sucked up and transported through a pipeline by centrifugal dredge pumps. A suction inlet located beneath the cutter head (known as the suction mouth) is connected by a suction tube directly to one or more centrifugal pumps. The vacuum force at the suction inlet sucks
HOW DO CSDS OFFLOAD OR DISCHARGE DREDGED MATERIAL? Read More »
CSDs are always stationary when they are working – even if they are self-propelled. To lock the vessel into a stationary position, a CSD generally has two spud poles. One spud pole (the auxiliary spud) passes straight through the vessel, whilst the other, the working spud, is mounted on a movable spud carriage, which can
WHAT IS A SPUD POLE? Read More »
The desired production rate of a CSD will determine the design, size and type of soil the vessel can dredge. CSDs have a high accuracy and a continuous rate of production whether they are standard vessels or custom-made, whether they are being used for dredging rock or sand and gravel, or for construction and reclamation
WHAT INFLUENCES A CSD’S PRODUCTION RATE? Read More »
The cutter head, with a half dozen ‘toothed blades’, is one of the most crucial parts of this unique type of equipment. These teeth come in a variety of types, like wide or narrow chisels which are used for cutting sand, peat and soft clay or teeth with pick points which are used for cutting
HOW DOES THE CUTTER HEAD WORK? Read More »
CSDs can be used for land reclamation, for deepening harbors and for the construction and expansion of ports and navigational channels or for pipeline trenching in the seabed. When the dredged material is being used for land reclamation, the distance between the dredging and disposal areas is usually shorter than the distances covered by trailing
WHEN ARE CSDS USED? Read More »
All CSDs are equipped with a rotating cutter head, which is able to cut hard soil or rock into fragments. The cutter head is a rotating mechanical device, mounted in front of the suction head and rotating along the axis of the suction pipe. The cut soil is then sucked in by dredge pumps. CSDs
HOW DOES THE CSD WORK? ARE CSDS FLEXIBLE? Read More »
Although systems for describing dredgers vary, in general three broad classifications are recognized based on the means of excavation and operation. These are known as mechanical dredgers, hydraulic dredgers and hydrodynamic dredgers. Hydraulic dredgers include all dredging equipment which makes use of centrifugal pumps for at least part of the transport process of moving the
WHAT IS A CUTTER SUCTION DREDGER? CHARACTERISES OF A CSD? Read More »
